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Alexander Löhr
Alexander Löhr (20 May 1885 – 26 February 1947) was an Austrian Air Force (''Österreichische Luftstreitkräfte'') commander during the 1930s and, after the "Political Union of Germany and Austria" (''Anschluss''), he was a German Air Force (''Luftwaffe'') commander. Löhr served in the ''Luftwaffe'' during the Second World War. Löhr was one of three former Austrians who rose to the rank of ''Generaloberst'' (Colonel General) within the German Wehrmacht. The other two were Erhard Raus and Lothar Rendulic.
==Early life==
Löhr was born on 20 May 1885 in Turnu-Severin in the Kingdom of Romania. He was the youngest child of Friedrich Johann Löhr and his wife Catherine, née Heimann. His father had served as a 2nd captain on a hospital ship in the Black Sea during the Russo-Turkish War. Here his father had met his mother, a Ukrainian nurse. She was the daughter of the Russian military doctor Mihail Alexandrovich Heimann from Odessa. After the war, they married in 1879 and moved to the Turnu-Severin in Romania. The marriage produced three sons, Friedrich born in 1880, Michael born in 1882, and Alexander in 1885. Due to his mother faith he belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Church. Löhr, just like his brothers, attended the ''reichsdeutsche'' (Imperial German) Evangelic ''Volksschule'' (primary school) in Turnu-Severin.
The brothers grew up speaking four languages which were German, Russian, French and Romanian. The various nationalities in the multinational state of Austria-Hungary and their particular family situation were the driving factors behind this. His father spoke little Russian and his mother barely German, the consequence was that the family language was French. His father was transferred to Vienna on business, where Löhr completed his elementary schooling. He then pursued a career in the '' k.u.k. Kriegsmarine'' (Austro-Hungarian Navy) which was denied to him out of medical reasons. He then attended the ''Militär-Unterrealschule'' (a military secondary school) in Kaschau, present-day Košice in Slovakia, in January 1896 where he remained until 1900.
Löhr transferred to the infantry cadet school at Temeswar, present-day Timisoara in Romania, in January 1900. Until 1903 he was prepared for military service under the influence of the subaltern. In 1903 he was posted to Vienna, where he attended ''Theresianische Militärakademie'' (Theresian Military Academy) in the Burg Wiener Neustadt until 1906. Löhr, together with his two brothers, traveled to the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Greece and Egypt during the summer holidays. While visiting relatives in Odessa, he became witness to the mutiny on the Russian battleship ''Potemkin'' in late June 1905. He graduated from the military academy on 18 August 1906, the birthday of Franz Joseph I, with an overall rating of "very good". On the same day Löhr was retired as a ''Leutnant'' (second lieutenant) and immediately volunteered for service in the ''k.u.k. ungarische Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 85 "von Gaudernak"'' (k.u.k.—Imperial and Royal Hungarian Infantry Regiment. Nr. 85 "von Gaudernak") where he served as a platoon commander.
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